|
The Bachkovo Monastery ((ブルガリア語:Бачковски манастир), ''Bachkovski manastir'', (グルジア語:პეტრიწონის მონასტერი), ''Petritsonis Monasteri''), archaically the Petritsoni Monastery or Monastery of the Mother of God Petritzonitissa in Bulgaria is an important monument of Christian architecture and one of the largest and oldest Eastern Orthodox monasteries in Europe. It is located on the right bank of the Chepelare River, 189 km from Sofia and 10 km south of Asenovgrad, and is directly subordinate to the Holy Synod of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. The monastery is known and appreciated for the unique combination of Byzantine, Georgian and Bulgarian culture, united by the common faith. == History == The monastery was founded in 1083 by Prince Gregory Pakourianos, a prominent statesman and military commander in the Byzantine service, as a Georgian-dominated Orthodox monastery.〔(The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity By Ken Parry p. 147 )〕 He set up a seminary for the youth at the monastery. The curriculum in the first place included religion, as well as mathematics, history and music. In the 13th century, the Georgian and Chalcedonic Armenian monks〔Iberians - citizens of Iberia (theme). Edouard Selian. The Iberian Monks of the Petritzos (Bachkovo) Monastery. October 14, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20120405032413/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/123992〕〔Asdracha Catherine, La région des Rhodopes aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles: étude de géographie historique, Athen: Verlag der Byzantinisch-Neugriechischen Jahrbücher, 1976, Pp. 74 - 75〕 of the Petritsioni (Bachkovo) Monastery lost the domination over the monastery, but their traditions were preserved until the beginning of 14th century and an Armenian Gospel of the 10th century lived to this day.〔(bg) Е. Селян. Някой уточнения по повод описа на един ценен арменски ръкопис (E. Selian. Some clarifications regarding the description of one valued Armenian manuscript). In: Journal Philology, University Publishing House "St. Kl. Ohridski", Sofia, 1980, issue. 6, p. 101-102.〕 During the time of the Second Bulgarian Empire, Bachkovo Monastery was patronized by Tsar Ivan Alexander, which is evidenced by an image of him on the arches of the ossuary's narthex. It is believed that the founder of Tarnovo Literary School and last patriarch of the mediaeval Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Patriarch Euthymius, was exiled by the Turks and worked in the school of the monastery in the early 15th century. Although the monastery survived the first waves of Turkish invasion in Bulgarian lands, it was later looted and destroyed, but restored near the end of the 15th century. The refectory, whose mural paintings by an anonymous painter bear a significant artistic value, was reconstructed in 1601 and the Church of Mary, still preserved today, was finished in 1604. Bachkovo Monastery is the final resting place of both Patriarch Euthymius (1330–1404) and Patriarch Cyril (1953–1971). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bachkovo Monastery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|